{"id":9613,"date":"2022-01-20T18:20:47","date_gmt":"2022-01-20T17:20:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.triapdl.fr\/?p=9613"},"modified":"2022-01-20T18:37:05","modified_gmt":"2022-01-20T17:37:05","slug":"collection-h2-lunivers-multicolore-de-lhydrogene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.triapdl.fr\/collection-h2-lunivers-multicolore-de-lhydrogene\/","title":{"rendered":"COLLECTION \u00ab\u00a0H2\u00a0\u00bb : L&rsquo;univers multicolore de l&rsquo;hydrog\u00e8ne"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"titre monet\">Comprendre les diff\u00e9rentes couleurs de l&rsquo;hydrog\u00e8ne !<\/h1>\n<p>Selon la m\u00e9thode de production utilis\u00e9e, l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne est plus ou moins impactant pour l\u2019environnement. Aujourd\u2019hui, 96 % des 75 millions de tonnes d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne produites dans le monde le sont \u00e0 partir d\u2019hydrocarbures, ce qui entraine en parall\u00e8le un important d\u00e9gagement de CO2 (+ de 500 millions de T \/ an dans le monde).<\/p>\n<p>Mais des techniques nettement moins impactantes, dont l\u2019\u00e9lectrolyse de l\u2019eau, sont aujourd\u2019hui matures. Elles permettent, selon les sources d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es, d\u2019atteindre un hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable\u00a0; ce qui est l\u2019objectif de tous les plans de d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n<p>Pour ajouter de la pr\u00e9cision \u00e0 cette palette de couleurs, l\u2019<u>ordonnance n\u00b0 2021-167 du 17 f\u00e9vrier 2021 relative \u00e0 l&rsquo;hydrog\u00e8ne <\/u>pr\u00e9cise en termes plus scientifiques les caract\u00e9ristiques des diff\u00e9rents types d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, dans l\u2019objectif de les classer en terme d\u2019impacts environnementaux et d\u2019assurer une tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne vert.<\/p>\n<p>3 cat\u00e9gories sont ainsi distingu\u00e9es :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>H2 \u00ab<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>renouvelable\u00a0\u00bb (ant\u00e9rieurement dit vert) <\/strong>: Il est produit par \u00e9lectrolyse de l\u2019eau avec de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 issue d\u2019\u00e9nergie renouvelable (hydraulique, \u00e9olienne, solaire). Il peut aussi \u00eatre produit par pyrogaz\u00e9ification ou thermolyse de biomasse. Dans tous les cas, il doit respecter un seuil d\u2019\u00e9missions polluantes (exprim\u00e9 en Kg \u00e9quivalent CO2 par Kg H2 produit).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>H2 \u00ab\u00a0bas carbone\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong> <strong>(ant\u00e9rieurement dit bleu ou jaune) <\/strong>: Il peut \u00eatre produit par \u00e9lectrolyse de l\u2019eau, mais avec une \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 d\u2019origine nucl\u00e9aire (ex H2 jaune). Il peut aussi provenir de ressources fossiles, \u00e0 condition que le CO2 \u00e9mis soit capt\u00e9 puis r\u00e9utilis\u00e9 ou stock\u00e9 (ex H2 bleu). Certains pays engagent des investissements importants dans ce sens pour faire \u00e9voluer leurs unit\u00e9s de production d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne actuelles.Dans ce cas \u00e9galement, le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de production doit respecter le m\u00eame seuil d\u2019\u00e9missions polluantes que le H2 renouvelable (exprim\u00e9 en Kg \u00e9quivalent CO2 par Kg H2 produit).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>H2 \u00ab\u00a0carbon\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb (ant\u00e9rieurement dit gris)<\/strong>: il est\u00a0 produit \u00e0 partir de ressources fossiles : hydrocarbures liquides (18), charbon (29%) ou\u00a0 gaz naturel (49%). Il peut aussi \u00eatre produit par \u00e9lectrolyse avec de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 issue d\u2019une centrale \u00e0 charbon, ou \u00e0 partir de biomasse ou biogaz dont les intrants ont une empreinte carbone importante. H2 gris produit par vapor\u00e9formage d\u2019hydrocarbures d\u00e9gage 18 Tde CO2 par T d\u2019H2. Il a donc un impact tr\u00e8s d\u00e9favorable sur les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. H2 gris est aujourd\u2019hui produit \u00e0 bas co\u00fbt : environ 1,5 \u20ac \/kg en sortie d\u2019unit\u00e9 de production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Enjeu d\u2019une production d\u2019H<sub>2<\/sub> \u00ab\u00a0vert\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les technologies de production d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable existent industriellement. Mais, pour l\u2019instant, elles sont insuffisamment d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es pour faire baisser les co\u00fbts de fa\u00e7on comp\u00e9titive par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne carbon\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Les enjeux sont d\u2019ordre technique (am\u00e9liorations des performances des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s et des \u00e9quipements), et \u00e9conomique (effet de taille et de nombre des installations).<\/li>\n<li>La fili\u00e8re H2 fran\u00e7aise affirme des objectifs de production de 680 000 T H2\/an renouvelable ou bas carbone d\u2019ici 2030 (sc\u00e9nario Ambition 2030) \u00e0 1 090 000 T\/an (sc\u00e9nario Ambition+ 2030). Pour m\u00e9moire, la production totale d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne en France est aujourd\u2019hui de 900 000 T \/an (quasi exclusivement de nature carbon\u00e9e) &#8211; Source : France Hydrog\u00e8ne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comprendre les diff\u00e9rentes couleurs de l&rsquo;hydrog\u00e8ne ! Selon la m\u00e9thode de production utilis\u00e9e, l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne est plus ou moins impactant pour [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9614,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}},"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[24,21,291,1,15],"tags":[152,237,80,46],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>COLLECTION &quot;H2&quot; : L&#039;univers multicolore de l&#039;hydrog\u00e8ne - Tria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.triapdl.fr\/collection-h2-lunivers-multicolore-de-lhydrogene\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"COLLECTION &quot;H2&quot; : L&#039;univers multicolore de l&#039;hydrog\u00e8ne - Tria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Comprendre les diff\u00e9rentes couleurs de l&rsquo;hydrog\u00e8ne ! 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